Kenneth F. Raffa
Dept. Entomology, UW-Madison
Forest Insect Ecology
Beers-Bascom Professor of Conservation
Program Overview
Interactions Across Multiple Levels of Scale: Chemical Signaling, Population Thresholds, and Responses to Anthropogenic Change
Selected Publications
Raffa, K.F., & A.A. Berryman. 1983. The role of host plant resistance in the colonization behavior and ecology of bark beetles. Ecol. Monogr. 53: 27-49.
Raffa, K.F., & A.A. Berryman. 1987. Interacting selective pressures in conifer-bark beetle systems: A basis for reciprocal adaptations? Amer. Nat. 129: 234-262.
Raffa, K.F., T. Phillips, & S. Salom. 1993. Strategies and mechanisms of host colonization by bark beetles. Pages 103-128. In T.O. Schowalter and G. Filip, eds. Interactions among bark beetles, pathogens, and conifers in North American forests. Academic Press.
Raffa, K.F. & E.B. Smalley. 1995. Interaction of pre-attack and induced monoterpene concentrations in conifer defense against bark beetle-microbial complexes. Oecologia. 102: 285-295.
Kirkendall, L.R., D.S. Kent, & K.F. Raffa. 1997. Interactions among males, females and offspring in bark and ambrosia beetles: The significance of living in tunnels for the evolution of social behavior. Pp. 181-215. In, J.C. Choe & B.J. Crespi, (eds.), The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Malmstrom, C.M., & K.F. Raffa. 2000. Biotic disturbance agents in the boreal forest: considerations for vegetation change models Global Change Biology. 6: 35-48.
Wallin, K.F., & K.F. Raffa. 2000. Influences of external chemical cues and internal physiological parameters on the multiple steps of post-landing host selection behavior of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 29: 442-453.
Aukema, B.H., & K.F. Raffa. 2000. Chemically mediated predator free space: herbivores can synergize intraspecific communication without increasing risk of predation. J. Chem. Ecol. 26: 1923-1939.
Raffa, K.F. 2001. Mixed messages across multiple trophic levels: The ecology of bark beetle chemical communication systems. Chemoecology 11: 49-65.
Seybold, S.J., Bohlmann, J., & K.F. Raffa. 2000. Biosynthesis of coniferophagous bark beetle pheromones and conifer isoprenoids: an evolutionary perspective and synthesis. Can. Entomol. 132: 1-57.
Wallin, K.F. & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Density-mediated responses of bark beetles to host allelochemicals: A link between individual behavior and population dynamics. Ecol. Entomol. 27:484-492.
Wallin, K.F. & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Prior encounters modulate subsequent choices in host acceptance behavior by bark beetles. Entomol. Exper. Et. Applic. 103: 205-218.
Erbilgin, N., E. V. Nordheim, B. H. Aukema, & K. F. Raffa. 2002. Population dynamics of Ips pini and Ips grandicollis in red pine plantations in Wisconsin: Within- and between- year associations with predators, competitors, and habitat quality. Environ. Entomol. 31: 1043-1051.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. 2002. Relative effects of exophytic predation, endophytic predation and intraspecific competition on a subcortical herbivore: Consequences to the reproduction of Ips pini and Thanasimus dubius. Oecologia. 133: 483-491.
Wallin, K.F., J. Rutledge, & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Heritability of host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors of the bark beetle Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 31: 1276-1281.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. 2004. Gender- and sequence- dependent predation within group colonizers of defended plants: a constraint on cheating among bark beetles? Oecologia. 138: 253-258.
Wallin, K.F., & K.F. Raffa. 2004. Feedback between individual host selection behavior and population dynamics in an eruptive insect herbivore. Ecol. Monogr. 74: 101-116.
Aukema, B.H., Clayton, M, K. & K. F. Raffa 2004. Density-dependent effects of multiple predators sharing a common prey in an endophytic habitat. Oecologia. 139: 418-426.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. 2004. Does aggregation benefit bark beetles by diluting predation? Links between a group-colonization strategy and the absence of emergent multiple predator effects. Ecol. Entomol. 29:129-138.
Aukema, B.H., Clayton, M, K. & K. F. Raffa 2005. Modeling flight activity and population dynamics of the pine engraver, Ips pini, in the Great Lakes Region: Effects of weather and predators over short time scales. Pop. Ecol. 47: 61-69.
Aukema, B. H., A. L. Carroll, J. Zhu, K. F. Raffa, T. A. Sickley, & S. W. Taylor. 2006. Landscape level analysis of mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, Canada: Spatiotemporal development and spatial synchrony within the present outbreak. Ecography. 29: 427-441.
Maroja, L. S., S. M. Bogdanowicz, K. F. Wallin, K. F. Raffa & R. G. Harrison. 2007. Phylogeography of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) (Curculionidae:Scolytinae) in North America: distinctive mtDNA lineages associated with different species of host trees. 16: 2560-2573
Raffa KF , Aukema BH, Erbilgin N, Klepzig KD, & Wallin, KF. 2005. Interactions among Conifer Terpenoids and Bark Beetles across Multiple Levels of Scale: An attempt to understand links between population patterns and physiological processes. Rec. Adv. Phytochem. 39: 80-118.
Raffa, K. F. Aukema, B. H., Bentz, B.J., Carroll A.L., Hicke, J.A., Turner MG, & W. H. Romme. 2008. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of biome-wide bark beetle eruptions. BioScience. 58: 501-517.
Selected Presentations at Conferences
XIII International Congress of Entomology, July 7, 1988. Induced defensive reactions in conifer-bark beetle systems. Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada. K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of Canada, National Meetings, October 2, 1989. Plenary session. The role of plant stress in conifer-bark beetle interactions. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. K.F. Raffa.
International Society of Chemical Ecology. 1997. Mixed messages at multiple trophic levels: The ecology of bark beetle pheromone communication. Vancouver, B.C. Canada. K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, Aug. 1998. Effect of population type and geographic origin on individual insect herbivore behavior. K.F. Wallin & K.F. Raffa.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations. 2001. Linking individual host selection behavior to population dynamics in conifer – bark beetle interactions. K F. Raffa & K. F. Wallin.
Society for the Study of Evolution National Meetings 2003. Phylogeography of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) in North America: distinctive mtDNA lineages associated with different host trees and possible evidence of a zone of overlap in British Columbia. L. Maroja, S. Bogdanowicz, K. Wallin, K. Raffa, & R. Harrison.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations. 2003. Behind the Bimodal Curve: Can we understand and manage how bark beetles erupt from denizens of ephemeral habitats to landscape engineers? K. F. Raffa, B. H. Aukema, N. Erbilgin, K. D. Klepzig, & K. F. Wallin.
Joint meeting of the International Society for Chemical Ecology & Phytochemcial Society North America. 2004. Ottawa, Canada. Interactions among conifer terpenoids and bark beetles across multiple levels of scale: An attempt to understand links between population patterns and physiological processes. K.F. Raffa
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2006. Landscape ecology of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in British Columbia, Canada: Are land tenure and outbreak epidemiology linked?? Indianapolis, IN. B. Aukema, A. Carroll, J. Zhu, K. F. Raffa, T. Sickley & S. Taylor
Selected Publications
Raffa, K.F., & A.A. Berryman. 1982. Accumulation of monoterpenes and associated volatiles following fungal inoculation of grand fir with a fungus transmitted by the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. l14:7 97-810.
Raffa, K.F., & K. D. Klepzig. 1989. Chiral escape of bark beetles from predators responding to bark beetle pheromones. Oecologia. 80: 566-569.
Raffa, K.F. 1991. Induced defensive reactions in conifer-bark beetle systems. Pages 245-276. In: D.W. Tallamy and M.J. Raupp (eds.), Phytochemical Induction by Herbivores. Academic Press. NY.
Krause, S.C., & K.F. Raffa. 1992. Comparison of insect, fungal, and mechanically induced defoliation of larch: Effects on plant productivity and host suitability and availability. Oecologia. 90: 411-416.
Raffa, K.F. & D.L. Dahlsten. 1995. Differential responses among natural enemies and prey to bark beetle pheromones. Oecologia. 102: 17-23.
Krause, S.C., & K.F. Raffa. 1995. Defoliation intensity and larval age interact to affect sawfly performance on previously injured Pinus resinosa. Oecologia. 104: 24-30.
Codella, S.G., & K.F. Raffa. 1995. Host plant influence on chemical defense in conifer sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Oecologia. 104:1-11.
Codella, S.G., & K.F. Raffa. 1995. Contributions of female oviposition patterns and larval behavior to group defense in conifer sawflies. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Oecologia. 103: 24-33.
Rieske, L.K., & K.F. Raffa. 1995. Ethylene emission by a deciduous tree, Tilia americana, in response to feeding by the introduced basswood thrips, Thrips calcaratus. J. Chem. Ecol. 21: 187-197.
Codella, S.G., & K.F. Raffa. 1996. Individual and social components of wood ant response to conifer sawfly defense behavior (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Diprionidae). Anim. Behav. 52: 801-811.
Robison, D.J. & K.F. Raffa. 1997. Effects of constitutive and inducible traits of hybrid poplars on forest tent caterpillar feeding and population ecology. Forest Science. 43: 252-267.
Kruse, J.J. & K.F. Raffa. 1997. Effects of selected midwestern larval host plants on performance by two strains of the gypsy moth parasitoid Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 26: 1155-1166.
Hofstetter, R.W., & K.F. Raffa. 1997. Effects of host diet on the orientation, development, and subsequent generations of the gypsy moth egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Environ. Entomol. 26:1276-1282.
Raffa, K.F., Krause, S.C., & P. Reich. 1998. Long-term influence of defoliation on Pinus resinosa suitability to insect herbivores feeding on diverse plant parts. Ecology. 79: 352-364.
Hofstetter, R.W., & K.F. Raffa. 1998. Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the orientation and development of the gypsy moth egg parasite, Ooencyrtus kuvanae. Entomol. Exper. et Applic. 88: 123-135.
Kruse, J.J., & K.F. Raffa 1999. Switching among food plants by a larval host affects parasitoid performance: Cotesia melanoscela development in Lymantria dispar exposed to reciprocal dietary crosses. Ecol. Entomol. 24: 37-45.
Kleiner, K.W., D.D. Ellis, B.H. McCown and K.F. Raffa. 1998. Effect of nitrogen availability on the growth and phytochemistry of hybrid poplar and the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A(a) d-endotoxin on gypsy moth. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 1055-1067.
Kleiner, K.W., Raffa, K.F., & R.E. Dickson, 1999. Partitioning of 14C labeled photosynthate to allelochemicals and primary metabolites in source and sink leaves of aspen: Evidence for phenolic turnover. Oecologia 119: 408-418.
Wallin, K.F., and K.F. Raffa 1999. Altered constitutive and inducible phloem monoterpenes following natural defoliation of jack pine: Implications to host mediated inter-guild interactions and plant defense theories. J. Chem. Ecol. 25: 861-880.
Powell, J.S., & K.F. Raffa. 1999. Sources of variation in the concentration and composition of foliar monoterpenes in tamarack (Larix laricina) seedlings: The roles of nutrient availability, time of season, and plant architecture. J. Chem Ecol. 25: 1771-1797.
Havill, N.P., & K.F. Raffa. 1999. Effects of eliciting treatment and genotypic variation on induced resistance in Populus: Impacts on gypsy moth development and feeding behavior. Oecologia. 120: 295-303.
Havill, N.P., & K.F. Raffa. 2000. Compound effects of induced plant responses on insect herbivores and parasitoids: Implications for tritrophic interactions. Ecol. Entomol. 25: 171-179.
Wallin, K.F., & K.F. Raffa. 2001. Effects of folivory on subcortical plant defenses: Can defense theories predict interguild processes? Ecology 82: 1387-1400.
Codella, S.G., Jr. & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Desiccation of Pinus foliage induced by conifer sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) oviposition: Effect of egg viability. Ecol. Entomol. 27: 618-621.
Raffa, K.F., Havill, N. P. & E.V. Nordheim. 2002. How many choices can your test animal compare effectively? Evaluating a critical assumption of behavioral preference tests. Oecologia. 133: 422-429.
Kleiner, K.K. Ellis, D.D., McCown, B.H. and K.F. Raffa. 2003. Leaf ontogeny influences leaf phenolics and the efficacy of the genetically expressed Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A(a) d-endotoxin in hybrid poplar against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae). J. Chem. Ecol.. 29: 2585-2602.
Kendrick, A. P., & K. F. Raffa. 2006. Sources of insect and plant volatiles attractive to cottonwood leaf beetles feeding on hybrid poplar. J. Chem. Ecol. 32: 2585-2594.
Boone, C. K., D.L. Six, Y. Zheng,& K.F. Raffa. 2008. Exploitation of microbial symbionts of bark beetles by parasitoids and dipteran predators. Environ. Entomol. 37: 150-161.
Boone, C. K, Six, D. L. & K. F. Raffa. 2008. The enemy of my enemy is still my enemy: Competitors add to predator load of primary bark beetles. Ag. For. Entomol. 10: 411-421.
Selected Presentations
Entomological Society of America, National Meetings, Dec. 2, 1980: The role of constitutive host chemistry and induced secondary responses in conifer resistance to bark beetles. K.F. Raffa & A.A. Berryman.
Gordon Conference on the Chemistry of Plant-Insect Interactions, Jan.1986. Symposium on Trophic Level Interactions: Conifer-Bark Beetle Systems. Oxnard, CA. K.F. Raffa.
Fourth International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, July 6, 1990. Host plant influence on defensive regurgitation by conifer sawfly larvae. S.G. Codella, Jr., & K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. Dec. 1993. Symposium on Plant Odor and Adult Behavior of Herbivorous Insects. Integration of tree volatiles into the orientation sequence and interspecific associations of subcortically feeding beetles. K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America, National Meetings, July 1993. Differential responses among natural enemies and prey to bark beetle pheromones. K.F. Raffa & D.L. Dahlsten.
Ecological Society of America, National Meetings, July 1993. Components of synchrony between Populus spp. budbreak and forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, egg hatch. D.J. Robison & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America, National Meetings, July, 1993. Wood ant response to conifer sawfly larval defenses. S. Codella & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings. Aug., 1994. 14Carbon partitioning among primary metabolite and allelochemical fractions of aspen leaves. K.W. Kleiner, R.E. Dickson, & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings. Aug., 1994. Induced responses to sawfly defoliation. S.C. Krause & K.F. Raffa.
Gordon Conference on Plant-Insect Interactions. Jan. 1995. Implications of plant-insect interaction theory to current and emerging natural resource issues. Oxnard, CA. K.F. Raffa.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations World Congress. August 1995. Effects of stresses on the expression of plant resistance to herbivores: An overview. Tampere, Finland. D. Herms & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings. July, 1996. Regional and seasonal shifts in bark beetle aggregation pheromones as an escape from predation. K. Hobson & K.F. Raffa.
Second Annual North American Forest Insect Work Conference. April, 1996. Tritrophic-interactions in subcortically feeding insects. San Antonio, TX. K.F. Raffa.
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Workshop on Extrapolation of Arctic and Boreal Processes that Feedback to Climate. 1997. "Climate-Insect-Pathogen Interactions in Boreal Forest Dynamics." K.F. Raffa & C. Malmstrom. Santa Barbara, CA.
International Entomophagous Insects Workshop. 1997. Minor alterations in pheromone stereochemistry and secondary components as a possible source of partial escape from predators. K.F. Raffa and K. Hobson.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, Conference on Somatic Cell Genetics and Molecular Genetics of Trees. 2001. Use of transgenic resistance in short rotation poplars: Efficacy, risk, and integration with other pest management tactics. Portland, OR. KF Raffa.
Society for Integrative Biology Annual Meeting. 2001. The effect of feeding specificity on the fate of terpenoids in Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera). J. S. Powell & K. F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, 2001. Chemical ecology of generalist and specialist Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera) and terpenes of their conifer hosts. Powell, J.S., & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, 2001. Can chemical communication be cryptic? Adaptive responses of herbivores to natural enemies exploiting prey semiochemistry. K. Raffa, B. Aukema, N. Erbilgin, & K. Hobson.
Internat. Soc. Chem. Ecol. 2001. The fate of conifer terpenoids in native and introduced Lymantriid forest pests. Powell, J.S., & K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2005. Exploitation of microbial symbionts of bark beetles by parasitic wasps. Fort Lauderdale, FL. C.K. Boone, D.L. Six, S. Krauth, & K.F. Raffa.
Effects of Belowground Herbivory on Above-Ground Processes
Selected Publications
Hunt, D.W.A., & K.F. Raffa. 1989. Attraction of the pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis, and the pitch-eating weevil, Pachylobius picivorus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to ethanol and turpentine in pitfall traps. Environ. Entomol. 18: 351-355.
Raffa, K.F., & D.W. Hunt. 1989. Microsite and interspecific interactions affecting emergence of root-infesting pine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Wisconsin. Annals Entomol. Soc. Amer. 82: 438-445.
Klepzig, K.D., K.F. Raffa, & E.B. Smalley. 1991. Association of insect-fungal complexes with Red Pine Decline in Wisconsin. For. Sci. 37: 1119-1139.
Klepzig, K.D., E.L. Kruger, E.B. Smalley, & K.F. Raffa. 1995. Effects of biotic and abiotic stress on the induced accumulation of terpenes and phenolics in red pines inoculated with a bark beetle vectored fungus. J. Chem. Ecol. 21: 601-626.
Klepzig, K.D., Smalley, E.B., & K.F. Raffa. 1996. Combined chemical defenses against insects and fungi associated with a forest decline disease. J. Chem. Ecol. 22: 1367-1388.
Hoffman, G.D., D.W.A. Hunt, S.M. Salom, & K.F. Raffa. 1997. Reproductive readiness and niche differences affect conifer root weevil responses to simulated host odors. Environ. Entomol. 26: 91-100.
Erbilgin, N., & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Association of declining red pine stands with reduced populations of bark beetle predators, seasonal increases in root colonizing insects, and incidence of root pathogens. For. Ecol. & Manag. 164: 221-236.
Erbilgin, N. & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Spatial analysis of forest gaps resulting from bark beetle colonization of red pines experiencing belowground herbivory and infection. For. Ecol. & Manag. 177: 145-153.
Zhu, J., J. G. Rasmussen, J. Moller, B. H.Aukema & K.F. Raffa. 2008. Spatial-temporal modeling of forest gaps generated by colonization from below- and above- ground bark beetle species. J. American Statistical Association A&CS. 103: 162-177.
Coyle, D., W. Mattson, & K. Raffa. 2008. Invasive root feeding insects in natural forest ecosystems of North America. Pp. 146-162, In S. Johnson & P. Murray (eds), Root Feeders: an ecosystem perspective. CABI.
Aukema, B.H., J. Zhu, J. Moeller, J. Rasmussen & K. F. Raffa. 2010. Interactions between below- and above- ground herbivores drive a forest decline and gap-forming syndrome. For. Ecol. & Management. 259: 374-382.
Selected Presentations
XIX World Congress, International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, August, 1990. Root insects affecting North American forests. Montreal, Canada. H.G. Schabel & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America, National Meetings, July 1993. Role of root invading insect-fungal complexes in host acceptance by bark beetles. K.D. Klepzig, K.F. Raffa, & E.B. Smalley.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings. Aug., 1994. Role of root colonizing insect-fungal complexes in forest declines: Effects of belowground herbivory on host resistance to the stem-colonizing guild of red pine. K.F. Raffa & K.D. Klepzig.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations World Congress. August 1995. Population ecology and behavior of root feeding beetles. Tampere, Finland. K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, 2001. Temporal and spatial Interactions among root and stem insects, fungi, and predators in declining forests. N. Erbilgin & K. F. Raffa.
Gordon Conference on Plant-Herbivore Interactions, Feb. 2007. Ecology and Impact of Invasive Root Weevils in a Northern Hardwood Forest. Ventura, CA. D.R. Coyle, W.J. Mattson, A.L. Friend, & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings Aug. 2008. Feedback between invasive belowground herbivores and habitat composition in northern hardwood ecosystems Milwaukee, WI . D Coyle, W. Mattson, A. Friend & K. F Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2010. Interactions between below- and above-ground herbivores in facilitating black-legged tick populations. D Coyle, S Paskewtitz, KF Raffa. San Diego, CA.
Symbiotic Associations among Microorganisms and Insects
Selected Publications
Paine, T.D., K.F. Raffa, & T.C. Harrington. 1997. Interactions among scolytid bark beetles, their associated fungi, and host conifers. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 42: 179-206.
Haberkern, K.E., Illman, B.L. & K. F. Raffa . 2002.. Bark beetles and fungal associates colonizing white spruce in the Great Lakes region. Can. J. For. Res. 32: 1137-1150.
Broderick, N. A., K. F. Raffa, R. M. Goodman & J. Handelsman. 2004. Census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut using culturing and culture-independent methods. Appl. & Environ. Microbiol. 2004 70: 293-300.
Kopper, B. J. , K. D. Klepzig & K. F. Raffa 2004. Components of antagonism and mutualism in Ips pini - fungal interactions: Relationship to a life history of colonizing highly stressed and dead trees. Environ. Entomol. 33:28-34.
Aukema, B.H., Werner, RA, Haberkern K.E, Illman, BL Clayton, M, K. & K. F. Raffa. 2005. Relative sources of variation in spruce beetle-fungal associations: Implications for sampling methodology and hypothesis testing in bark beetle-symbiont relationships. For. Ecol. & Manag.. 217: 187-202.
Handelsman, J., C. J. Robinson, & K.F. Raffa. 2005. Analysis of microbial communities in lepidopteran guts: From models to metagenomics. Pgs. 143-168. In: McFall-Ngai, M., B. Henderson & E. Ruby (eds.) The Influence of Cooperative Bacteria on Animal Host Biology. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Delalibera, I. Jr, J. Handelsman, & K. F. Raffa. 2005. Cellulolytic Activity of microorganisms isolated from the guts of Saperda vestita (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Ips pini, and Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 34; 541-547.
Schloss, P. D., I. Delalibera Jr, J. Handelsman, and K. F. Raffa. 2006. Bacteria associated with the guts of two wood-boring beetles: Anoplophora glabripennis and Saperda vestita (Cerambycidae). Environ. Entomol. 35: 625-629.
Vasanthakumar, A, I. Delalibera Jr., J. Handelsman, K. D Klepzig P. Schloss & K. F Raffa. 2006. Characterization of gut-associated microorganisms in larvae and adults of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. Environ. Entomol, 35: 1710-1717.
Cardoza, Y. J., K. D. Klepzig & K. F. Raffa. 2006. Bacteria in oral secretions of an endophytic insect inhibit antagonistic fungi. Ecol. Entomol. 31: 636-645
Cardoza, Y. J., S. Paskewitz & K. F. Raffa. 2006. Traveling through time and space on wings of beetles: A tripartite insect-fungi-nematode association. Symbiosis. 41: 71-79.
Guan C., Ju. J., Borlee B., Williamson, L., Shen B., Raffa K., & J. Handelsman. 2007. Signal mimics derived from a metagenomic analysis of gypsy moth gut microbiota. Appl. & Environ. Microbiol. 73: 3669-3676.
Broderick, N.A., K. F. Raffa, K.F. & J Handelsman. 2006. Midgut bacteria required for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity. PNAS. 103: 15196-15199.
Little, A., C. J. Robinson, S.B. Peterson, K. F. Raffa & J. Handelsman. 2008. Rules of Engagement: Interspecies interactions that regulate microbial communities. Ann. Rev. Microbiology. 62: 375-401.
Vasanthakumar, A, I. J. Handelsman, P. Schloss, L. Bauer & K. F Raffa. 2008. Gut microbiota of an invasive wood boring beetle, the emerald ash borer: community composition and structure across different life stages. Environ. Entomol. 37: 1344-1353.
Adams, A., Cardoza, Y., Currie, C., Klepzig, K.D. & K.F. Raffa. 2009. Effects of symbiotic bacteria and tree chemistry on the growth and reproduction of bark beetle fungal symbionts. Can. J. For. Res. 39: 1133-1147.
Klepzig, K.D., Adams, A.S., Handelsman, J., & K.F. Raffa. 2009. Symbioses: A key driver of insect physiological processes, ecological interactions, evolutionary diversification and impacts on humans. Environ. Entomol. 38: 67-77.
Broderick, N.A., Robinson, C.J., McMahon, M.D., Holt, J., Handelsman, J., & K.F. Raffa. 2009. Contributions of gut bacteria to Bacillus thuringiensis - induced mortality vary across a range of Lepidoptera. BMC Biology. 7-11: 9pp.
Robinson, CJ., P. Schloss, Y. Ramos, K. Raffa & J. Handelsman. 2010. Robustness of the bacterial community in the cabbage white butterfly larval midgut. Microbial Ecology 59: 199-211.
Broderick N. A., K. F. Raffa & J. Handelsman. 2010. Chemical modulators of the innate immune response alter gypsy moth larval susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis. BMC Biology. 10: 129; 13 pp.
A.S. Adams, Adams, S.M., C.R. Currie, N.E. Gillette & K.F. Raffa. 2010. Community analysis of bacteria associated with the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens. Environ Entomol. 39: 406-414.
Selected Presentations
International Symposium on the Taxonomy and Biology of the Ophiostomatales, August 21, 1990. Tree response to infections by species of Ophiostoma. Bod Windsheim, West Germany. E. Smalley & K.F. Raffa.
Phytopathological Society of America, National Meetings. 1992. Host stress and resistance of red pine to staining fungi (Leptographium spp.) Klepzig, K.D., E.B. Smalley, & K.F. Raffa. 1992.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations. July 1995. Conference on Host Plant Resistance. Bark beetles, fungi, trees, and humans: Four perspectives, four agendas. Os, Norway. K.F. Raffa.
Southern Forest Insect Work Conference. 1997. Net effects of bark beetle-associated fungi. Charleston, S.C. K.F. Raffa.
Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research. March, 1999. Potentiators of microbial insecticides for biomass trees. Raffa, K.F., N. Broderick, R. Goodman, & J.Handelsman
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2000. Entomological Society of America National Meetings. Gypsy moth midgut microflora: Effects of diet, insect source, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and zwittermicin A. N. Broderick & K.F. Raffa.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, 2001. Fungal Associates of an Eruptive Tree- Killing Phloeophagous Herbivore. K. Haberkern, B. Illman, R. Werner, & K. F. Raffa
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, 2001. Bacterial Diversity of the Gypsy Moth Midgut, and Effects of Host Plant on this Microflora. N. Broderick, R. Goodman, J. Handelsman & K. F. Raffa.
International Society of Symbiosis. 2001. Effect of diet on bacterial composition of gypsy moth midgut. N. Broderick, K. F. Raffa., R. Goodman, & J. Handelsman.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2002. Diversity of microorganisms associated with the gut of stem boring beetles. I. Delalibera, K.F. Raffa, & J. Handelsman.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2002. Do bluestain fungi associated with Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) have adverse effects on I. pini development through competition for a limited resource? B. Kopper, K.D. Klepzig & K.F. Raffa.
Society for Invertebrate Pathology. 2003. Diversity of bacteria associated with the gut of stem boring beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Scolytidae) I. Delalibera Jr., J. Handelsman & K. Raffa.
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations. 2003. Reciprocity in bark beetle-microbial interactions. K. Klepzig, I. Delalibera, B. Kopper, & K. F. Raffa.
International Symposium on Microbial Ecology. Aug. 2004. The Microbial community of Cabbage White Butterfly larvae midguts. Robinson, C.J., C. Guan, L. Chanbusarakum, P. D. Schloss, K. Raffa, & J. Handelsman.
Society for Industrial Microbiology Annual Meeting: Symbioses between Microbes and Invertebrates: Novel Biodiversity and Ecophysiolog Aug. 2005. Chicago, IL. The role of bacteria in gypsy moth susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis. N. A. Broderick, K.F. Raffa & J. Handelsman.
American Society of Mycology Conference on Beneficial Microbes 2005. C. Guan, Isolation of a metagenomic clone from the gypsy moth bacterial community with quorum sensing activity. Lake Tahoe, NV. B.R.Borlee, L.L. Williamson, J.Ju B. Shen, , K.F. Raffa, & J. Handelsman.
American Society of Mycology Conference on Beneficial Microbes, 2005. The role of gut bacteria in gypsy moth larval susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. Lake Tahoe, NV. Broderick, N.,K.F. Raffa, & J. Handelsman.
American Society of Mycology Conference on Beneficial Microbes, 2005. Gut microflora of a wood-boring invasive insect, the emerald ash borer. Lake Tahoe, NV. A. Vasanthakumar, J. Handelsman, & K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2005. Endophytic insect deploys bacteria in oral secretions to defend against gallery-invading fungi. Fort Lauderdale, FL. Cardoza, Y. J., Klepzig, K.D. & K.F. Raffa.
International Society of Microbial Ecology. 2006. Midgut bacteria required for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity. Vienna, Austria. Broderick, N.A., K. F. Raffa, & J. Handelsman
Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma: Expanding Frontiers.. Aug. 2006. New perspectives on the southern pine beetle-microbial symbiosis. Brisbane Australia. Klepzig, K., C. Yuceer, Young-Min Kang, O. Pechanova, Y. Cardoza, A. Vasanthakumar & K. Raffa
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2006. Traveling through time and space on wings of beetles: A tripartite insect-fungi-nematode association. Indianapolis, IN. Y. J. Cardoza, S. Paskewitz, & K. F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2010. Companion Ticket: Facilitated Biological Invasions by Insect Herbivores and their Symbionts. KF Raffa, A Adams, J Bohlmann, C Boone, & C Currie. San Diego, CA.
Entomological Society of America National Meeting. 2010. Bacterial communities associated with mountain pine beetles colonizing lodgepole pine and lodge pole-jack pine hybrids: A potential role in a climate-driven expansion into naïve hosts? S. M. Adams, A. S. Adams, N. Erbilgin, C. R. Currie, B. Aukema, & K. F. Raffa. San Diego, CA.
Selected Publications
Krause, S.L., & K.F. Raffa. 1996. Defoliation tolerance affects the spatial and temporal distributions of larch sawfly and natural enemy populations. Ecol. Entomol. 21: 101-111.
Rieske, L.K., & K.F. Raffa. 1998. Interactions among insect herbivore guilds: Influence of thrips-induced bud injury on phytochemistry and subsequent foliar suitability to gypsy moths. J. Chem. Ecol. 24: 501-524.
Liebhold, A.M., K. Raffa, & A. Diss. 2005. Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth pupae in Wisconsin. Agr. & For. Entomol. 7: 179-185.
Pinski, R.A., W.J. Mattson & K.F. Raffa. 2005. Host range and ovipositional behavior of adult Polydrusus sericeus and Phyllobius oblongus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), nonindigenous inhabitants of northern hardwood forests. Environ. Entomol. 34: 148-157.
Pinski, R.A., W.J. Mattson & K.F. Raffa. 2005. Composition, seasonal phenologies, and distribution of an invasive root-feeding weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex in northern hardwood forests. Environ. Entomol. 34: 298-307.
Werner, S.M., E.V. Nordheim, & K. F. Raffa. 2005. Impacts of the Introduced Basswood Thrips (Thrips calcaratus Uzel) on Forest Health in the Great Lakes Region. For. Ecol. & Manag. 214: 183-200.
Werner, S.M., M. Albers, T. Cryderman, D. Divini, R. Heyd, B Hrasovic , S Kobro, S Larsson, R. Mech, P. Niemela, M. Rousi, K Scanlon, S Weber & K. F. Raffa. 2005. Is the outbreak status of Thrips calcaratus Uzel in North America due to altered host relationships? For. Ecol. & Manag. 225: 200-206.
Gray, R.H., C. G. Lorimer,P.C. Tobin & K.F. Raffa. 2008. Pre-outbreak dynamics of a recently established invasive herbivore: Roles of natural enemies and habitat structure in stage-specific performance of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in northeastern Wisconsin. Environ. Entomol. 37: 1174-1184.
Contarini, M, KS. Onufrieva, KW. Thorpe, KF Raffa & PC Tobin. 2009. Mate-finding failure as an important cause of Allee effects along the leading edge of an invading insect population. Entomol. Exper. Applic. 133:307-314.
Coyle, D R, WJ Mattson, & K. F. Raffa. 2010. Laboratory performance of polyphagous invasive weevils on the predominant woody plant species of a northern hardwood community. Environ. Entomol. 39: 1242-1248.
Selected Presentations
International Thrips Conference, Feb., 1989. Defoliation of Lake States basswood by Thrips calcaratus, a new threat to hardwood management. Burlington, VT. K.F. Raffa.
The 1993 International Conference on Thysanoptera; Sept. 1993. Influence of introduced basswood thrips - induced defoliation on subsequent foliar suitability. L.K. Rieske & K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. Dec. 1995. Effects of thrips-induced bud injury on subsequent foliar micronutrients and gypsy moth success. L. Rieske & K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. Dec. 1996. The effects of previous defoliation and nutrient availability on larch suitability to gypsy moths. J. Powell & K.F. Raffa.
USDA Interagency Gypsy Moth Research Forum. 1997. Integrating natural enemy performance and forest type to enhance biological control of gypsy moth. S.C. Krause, K.F. Raffa, R.W. Hofstetter, J.J. Kruse, & A. Chenot.
USDA Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and other Invasive Species. Jan. 1999. Dynamics of new gypsy moth populations in Wisconsin. A. Liebhold, A. Diss, D. Schumacher, K. Raffa, A. Sharov, N. Havill, E. Luzader.
Ecological Society of America National Meetings, 2001. Impacts of an invasive, bud-feeding thrips on forest health in the Great Lakes region. S. Werner & K. F. Raffa. Poster also shown at 2002 Western Forest Insect Work Conference.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2003. Biology and host range of an invasive root feeding weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex affecting northern hardwood forests. R. A. Pinski & K. F. Raffa.
Annual Gypsy Moth Review. 2005. Entomophaga and nuclear polyhedrosis virus along the western leading edge of gypsy moth. A. Hajek, C. Nielsen, A. Diss, & K. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2005. Life history parameters of recently established gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in relation to stand density of Wisconsin oak forests. Fort Lauderdale, FL. R. A. Hoffman & K. F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meetings. 2006. Does the Gypsy Moth Virus Gypchek, and its Carrier, Adversely Affect the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly and Pollinators of the Endangered Prairie Fringed Orchid? Indianapolis, IN. M. Yanek & K.F. Raffa.
Entomological Society of America National Meeting. 2007. Dispersal of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) pathogens to newly established host populations. San Diego, CA, A. E. Hajek, P, Tobin, J. J. Hannam, C. Nielsen, A. Diss-Torrance, & K. Raffa,
Entomological Society of America National Meeting. 2007. Space-time interactions between gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and associated entomopathogens in newly-established populations. San Diego, CA, P. C. Tobin, Ann E. Hajek, L. M. Blackburn, Joshua J. Hannam, A. Diss-Torrance, & K. F. Raffa.
Gordon Conference on Plant-Herbivore Interactions. 2010. Partners in Crime: The role of symbioses in biological invasions KF Raffa, Galveston, Texas.